Effects of indirect exposure of mice pups to endosulfan via their dams during gestation and lactation periods and the ameliorative effect of vitamin E.

During gestation and lactation, the experimental mice dams received one of the following treatments: (a) diet free of pesticide; (b) diet enriched with endosulfan (END); 30.0 µg kg(-1); (c) diet free of pesticide + oral vitamin E (α-tocopherol; 200 mg kg(-1) per mouse); and (d) diet enriched with END (30.0 µg kg(-1)) + oral vitamin E (200 mg kg(-1) per mouse). At weaning, pups and dams were killed, and selected organs as well as blood samples were collected for analyses. Compared with the control results, END induced alteration in a number of biochemical and histopathological parameters either in the dams or their offspring. The ameliorative effect of vitamin E to superoxide dismutase based on the "ameliorative index (AI)" for mothers and pups was 0.84 and 0.72, respectively. The AI for malondialdehyde reached a maximum value of nearly equal to 1.0 for dams or pups. For butyryl cholinesterase, the AI was 0.90 and 0.94 for dams and pups, respectively. In conclusion, a dietary exposure during gestation and lactation to low dose of END caused significant changes in the mother but also in the weaned animals that had not been directly exposed to this pesticide. These biological and histological alterations could be reversed to a great extent by oral supplementation of vitamin E.